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什么是《房地产结算程序法》？

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什么是《房地产结算程序法》？- 多斯集团

在美国办理抵押贷款时，您可以知道自己享有许多法律保护。其中一项保护措施来自 1974 年颁布的《房地产结算程序法》（RESPA）。

RESPA 要求抵押贷款机构披露所有贷款成本。它还禁止回扣、限制代管账户要求并防止优先产权保险要求。

必须披露

RESPA 要求贷款人提供以下信息：

 

    • 披露所有贷款过户费用

    • 贷款估算 

贷款估价单必须包括以下信息：

 

    • 贷款条件

    • 贷款金额

    • 所有启动费

    • 预计每月付款

    • 校长

    • 利息

    • 按揭保险

    • 结算费用

    • 房产税、房主保险和洪水保险的托管会计

简单地说，抵押贷款机构必须在你签字之前准确地告诉你需要支付的金额和原因。 

另请参见 什么是按揭票据？购房者必备信息 

防止回扣

抵押贷款提供商不可能付钱给房地产经纪人或其他专业人士，让他们为自己带来业务。 

RESPA 之所以禁止这种做法，是为了确保消费者不会迫于压力而接受有偏见的推荐人提供的抵押贷款，而是在知情的情况下做出决定，以便货比三家，寻求最佳交易。

如果您不知道您信任的房地产经纪人是否从您选择的贷款中牟利，就不可能做出明智的决定。他们也不得接受任何价值的礼物或物品。无论是 $10 还是 $1,000.

这并不是说您的房地产经纪人不能推荐贷款人。很多人都会这么做！但他们不能从这种关系中赚钱。他们可以共同做广告、推荐供应商而不收取费用、利用交叉促销活动、在对方网站上出售广告空间并收取费用和披露信息，以及分发公司营销材料。 

另请参见 房地产经纪人在购房过程中扮演什么角色？

托管基金条例

虽然贷款人和贷款服务机构可以收取资金用于支付房产税、房主保险和代管账户，但他们在这样做时必须遵守严格的规定。 

他们可以要求 2-3 个月的缓冲付款，相当于年度总额的 1/12。

If you overpay, lenders or loan services must reimburse you for the overpayment. 

优惠禁令 

许多贷款人和房地产经纪人也与产权公司有专业关系。但他们可能不会强迫您使用他们选择的产权公司。如果卖家为您支付产权保险费用，他们可以选择结算代理人。

同样，代理人可能会推荐一家产权公司。但是，如果您想使用另一家公司，而且费用是由您支付的，他们就不能坚持让您使用他们选择的公司，从而拒绝继续推进。 

What Does RESPA Prohibit?

RESPA prohibit unfair practices like kickbacks, referral payments, and charges for services that were never provided. For example, Section 8 makes it illegal for anyone to give or receive money, gifts, or anything of value in exchange for sending customers to a settlement service business.

The law also controls how escrow accounts are handled. Loan servicers are not allowed to demand more money than necessary for escrow. In addition, sellers cannot force buyers to use a specific title insurance company.

Marketing and Sponsorship

RESPA allows brokers and lenders to advertise together, but each side must pay its fair share of the costs. If one party pays more than their portion, it is not allowed. Sponsoring events can also be a problem if one party uses the event mainly to advertise its own services.

Brokers and title agents cannot make marketing agreements where one side charges more than the actual value of the marketing work. Also, a settlement service provider cannot rent office space from another provider unless it pays the fair market price for that space.

Referral Fees

  • Brokers cannot pay agents to send clients to their affiliate mortgage company.

  • Brokers cannot pay other brokers for referrals.

  • Lenders cannot give gifts, money, or incentives to agents for sending them homebuyers.

All of these are considered kickbacks and are not allowed under RESPA.

Affiliated Business Arrangements

  • If a broker refers a client to a title company they are connected with, they must clearly tell the customer about this relationship. They must also explain the company’s fees and their own financial interest in it. Customers must be told that they are free to choose a different company.

  • Brokers and title companies cannot set up fake businesses to make money off referrals.

  • Lenders cannot force borrowers to use their affiliated service providers, but they can offer discounts if customers choose them.

谁来执行 RESPA？

消费者金融保护局 (CFPB) 负责执行 RESPA。如果您认为您的贷款人或房地产经纪人违反了法律，您可以在线提交投诉。您也可以聘请房地产律师自行提起民事诉讼。您有一年的时间提起诉讼。 

CFPB 可能会在三年内提起诉讼，但您并不一定能从中受益。 

另请参见消费者金融保护局在抵押贷款中的作用

贷方违反 RESPA 会有什么后果？

RESPA 违反者可能被要求支付罚款和/或退还消费者账户。他们还可能面临诉讼。在严重的情况下，RESPA 违反者甚至可能入狱。 

用正确的抵押贷款保护自己 

知道某些滥用抵押贷款的行为是违法的固然好，但知道您有一个无论如何都会正确对待您的抵押贷款经纪人就更好了。

毕竟，当有人欺骗时，即使你是对的，也可能需要很多时间才能得到补偿。现在就与值得信赖的贷款机构合作，把钱留在自己的口袋里。 

The Doce Mortgage Group has a 36+ year track record of treating borrowers right, and we never intend to stop! 预约免费咨询 从始终做正确事情的抵押贷款经纪人那里以优惠利率获得优质贷款。 

RESPA Frequently Asks Questions

What is RESPA in real estate?

RESPA stands for the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. It is a law in the United States that makes sure homebuyers and sellers get clear information about the costs of buying a home. It also stops lenders, real estate agents, and others from giving or receiving unfair payments (kickbacks) during the process.

What is the purpose of RESPA?

The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) is a law that makes lenders give clear details about settlement costs. It also lowers closing costs by stopping referral fees and kickbacks. RESPA was signed in December 1974 and started on June 20, 1975.

What does RESPA stand for in real estate?

RESPA stands for the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. It is a law that makes sure buyers and sellers get clear information about the costs of a real estate deal, including things like Appraisals in Home Buying and other required services.

Why are RESPA settlement services important?

They protect buyers from being overcharged or misled. By requiring full disclosure of fees and banning kickbacks, RESPA real estate regulations ensure settlement services stay fair and competitive.

What loans are covered by RESPA?

RESPA applies to most loans that are secured by a mortgage on a one-to-four family home. This includes:

  • Home purchase loans
  • Refinances
  • Home improvement loans
  • Home equity lines of credit (HELOCs)

It usually does not cover loans for business, commercial, or agricultural purposes.

How does the real estate settlement procedures act protect homebuyers?

The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act makes sure buyers get clear details about closing costs, loan terms, and fees. It also prevents hidden payments or kickbacks between lenders, real estate agents, and settlement service providers.

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